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English football clubs in international competitions
English football clubs have entered European association football competitions (UEFA Champions League/European Cup, UEFA Cup/Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup and the now defunct UEFA Cup Winners Cup) since 1955, when Birmingham City and a London XI took part in the inaugural Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. English clubs have also taken part in the FIFA Club World Cup on four occasions, and the Intercontinental Cup on six occasions.
The European Cup started in 1955–56, but there was no English representative during that inaugural season as Chelsea had been persuaded to withdraw by The Football League; the first English side to take part was Manchester United, who also became the first English side to win the European Cup in 1968, ten years after their first attempts to win the Cup had been effectively ended when eight of their players died in the Munich air disaster when flying home from Belgrade after qualifying for the 1957-58 semi-final. But they were not the first English club to win any European competition, Tottenham Hotspur having won the Cup Winners' Cup in 1963 (nor were Manchester United the first British club to win the European Cup, that honour having gone to Scotland's Glasgow Celtic the previous year).
Prior to that, England had been pioneers in establishing international competitions, with the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, which was won by West Auckland when they beat Italian side Juventus in 1909. English teams have participated in UEFA competitions every year, except for the years between 1985 and 1990, when, in the aftermath of the Heysel Stadium disaster, all English clubs were banned from Europe by UEFA; Liverpool, who had been playing at the Heysel Stadium against Juventus, were banned for six years, until 1991. Several teams have managed to play in Europe while being outside the top flight, including more recently Birmingham City and Wigan Athletic
==Who qualifies for UEFA competitions==
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